Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 (1940)[1], was a United States Supreme Court decision that incorporated (applied to the states) the First Amendment's protection of religious free exercise.
Before the Cantwell decision, it was not legally clear that the First Amendment protected religious practitioners against restrictions at the state and local levels as well as federal. But the Supreme Court in Cantwell said it did, thereby ushering in an era of greatly strengthened religious freedom.
This case incorporated the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, thereby applying it to the states and protecting free exercise of religion from intrusive state action. The Establishment Clause was incorporated seven years later in Everson v. Board of Education (1947).
I believe that this US Supreme Court Decision applies to the entire Bill of Rights, meaning that the Federal and State governments can not require licensing of those protected rights, including the right to free speech, assembly, and to keep and bear arms.
Cantwell v. Connecticut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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